Wednesday, March 23, 2016

Agenda for 3/23

1. Review Concept Outline

B.         Concerned by expansionist Communist ideology and Soviet repression, the United States sought to contain communism through a variety of measures, including major military engagements in Korea and Vietnam.


Examples: Containment policy, George F. Kennan’s “long telegram” (1946), domino theory, National Security Report 68/NSC-68 (1950), hydrogen bomb (1952), John F. Dulles and massive retaliation (1954), Sputnik and the space race (1957), National Defense Education Act (1958), JFK’s flexible response policy, Truman’s “limited war” in the Korean War, Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964), Operation Rolling Thunder (1965-1968), Tet Offensive (1968)

E.         Cold War competition extended to Latin America, where the U.S. supported non-Communist regimes that had varying levels of commitment to democracy.

Examples:  US intervention in overthrow of leader of Guatemala (1954), US embargo of Cuba (1960), Bay of Pigs (1961), Alliance for Progress (1961), Peace Corps (1961), Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

B.         Although anticommunist foreign policy faced little domestic opposition in previous years, the Vietnam War inspired sizable and passionate antiwar protests that became more numerous as the war escalated, and sometimes led to violence.

Examples:  Teach-ins (1965), hawks vs. doves, credibility gap, Fulbright hearings (1966-1967), Students for a Democratic Society Columbia University protest (1968), Democratic National Convention riots (1968), Vietnam Moratorium Day (1969), Woodstock (1969), exposure of the My Lai Massacre (1969), Pentagon Papers (1969), Kent State and Jackson State (1970)

C.         Americans debated the merits of a large nuclear arsenal, the military-industrial complex, and the appropriate power of the executive branch in conducting foreign and military policy.

Examples:  Eisenhower’s Farewell Address warning against the growing military-industry complex (1961), Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964), SALT I (1969), New York Times v. US (1971), War Powers Act (1973)

II.         Responding to social conditions and the African American civil rights movement, a variety of movements emerged that focused on issues of identity, social justice, and the environment.
A.         Feminist and gay and lesbian activists mobilized behind claims for legal, economic, and social equality.

Examples:  Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique (1963), Equal Pay Act of 1963, Stonewall Riots (1969), National Organization for Women (1966), Gloria Steinem’s Ms. Magazine (1971) and the National Women’s Political Caucus (1971), Title IX (1972), Roe v. Wade (1973)

            B.         Latino, American Indian, and Asian American movements continued to demand social and economic equality and a redress of past injustices.

Examples:  American Indian Movement (1968), Indians of All Tribes and the Occupation of Alcatraz (1969), Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers (1962), Delano grape strike (1965-1970), US v. Wheeler (1978)

            C.         Despite an overall affluence in postwar America, advocates raised concerns about the prevalence and persistence of poverty as a national problem.

Examples:  John Kenneth Galbraith’s Affluent Society (1958), Michael Harrington’s The Other America (1962), Kerner Commission (1968)

D.         Environmental problems and accidents led to a growing environmental movement that aimed to use legislative and public efforts to combat pollution and protect natural resources. The federal government established new environmental programs and regulations.

Examples:  Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962), Wilderness Protection Act of 1964, Water Quality Act of 1965, Clean Air Act of 1970, Environmental Protection Act of 1970, Earth Day (1970), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (1970)

I.               Liberalism influenced postwar politics and court decisions, but it came under increasing attack from the left as well as from a resurgent conservative movement. 

A.         Liberalism, based on anticommunism abroad and a firm belief in the efficacy of government power to achieve social goals at home, reached a high point of political influence by the mid-1960s.

Examples:  Students for a Democratic Society (1962), Port Huron Statement (1962), “New Left”, University of California Berkeley and the Free Speech movement (1964-1965), Columbia University protests (1968), Woodstock (1969)

B.         Liberal ideas found expression in Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society, which attempted to use federal legislation and programs to end racial discrimination, eliminate poverty, and address other social issues. A series of Supreme Court decisions expanded civil rights and individual liberties.

Examples: Engel v. Vitale (1962), Jobs Corp (1964), Economic Opportunity Act (1964), Food Stamp Act (1964), Medicaid (1965), Medicare (1965), Head Start (1965), Department of Housing and Urban Development (1965), Immigration and Nationality Act (1965), Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), Warren Court, Miranda v. Arizona (1966), Griggs v. Duke Power (1971), Roe v. Wade (1973)

D.         Some groups on the left also rejected liberal policies, arguing that political leaders did too little to transform the racial and economic status quo at home and pursued immoral policies abroad.

Examples:  Black Panther Party (1966), Yippies, Black Power movement, draft evasion during Vietnam War, conscientious objectors, Muhammed Ali’s refusal to honor the draft.

C.         Immigrants from around the world sought access to the political, social, and economic opportunities in the United States, especially after the passage of new immigration laws in 1965.

Examples:  Immigration and Nationality Act (1965), increase in immigration of families related to legal immigrants, increase in immigration from Latin America and Asia, refugees from wars in Southeast Asia

B.         Feminists and young people who participated in the counterculture of the 1960s rejected many of the social, economic, and political values of their parents’ generation, introduced greater informality into U.S. culture, and advocated changes in sexual norms.

Examples:  Birth control pill (1960), Masters and Johnsons’ Human Sexual Response (1966), sexual revolution, communes

2. 1960s - JFK, LBJ, Vietnam, and Social Movements - APUSH Explained Slideshow

3. LBJ - Great Society and the "war on poverty"

4. Social "Power Movements of the 1960s and the New Left/Counter Culture

5.  Cold War into the 1960s (Vietnam War) - Crash Course


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