Agenda for 1/28 and 1/29

1. The Progressive Movement - Slideshow Part 1 and Part 2 .

2. Activity - Matching the Problem with the Reform

• Progressive Era outline (resource for activity)

3. Progressive Era Quiz

HW - Ch. 21

Agenda for 1/26 and 1/27

1. Read and self-assess Period 5 DBQs

2. Period 7 Concept Outline and the Gilder Lehrman Period 7 Overview Video (Progressive Movement at 4:30)

I.               In the Progressive Era of the early 20th century, Progressives responded to political corruption, economic instability, and social concerns by calling for greater government action and other political and social measures.

A.              Some Progressive Era journalists attacked what they saw as political corruption, social injustice, and economic inequality, while reformers, often from the middle and upper classes and including many women, worked to effect social changes in cities and among immigrant populations.

Examples:  Muckrakers, settlement house movement, Jane Addams’ Hull House, Florence Kelley and the National Consumers League (1899), Ida Tarbell’s History of Standard Oil (1904), Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle (1906), Robert La Follette’s “Wisconsin Way”, National Child Labor Committee, Lewis Hine’s photographic investigation of child labor (1908-1917), progressive state laws such as the initiative, referendum, recall, minimum wage, child labor restriction, Lincoln Steffens’ Shame of the Cities (1904)

B.              On the national level, Progressives sought federal legislation that they believed would effectively regulate the economy, expand democracy, and generate moral reform. Progressive amendments to the Constitution dealt with issues such as prohibition and woman suffrage.

Examples:  Meat Inspection Act (1906), Pure Food and Drug Act (1906), Elkins Act (1903), Hepburn Act (1903), Northern Securities v. US (1903)

Clayton Antitrust Act (1914), 16^th Amendment (1913), 17^th Amendment (1913), Federal Trade Commission (1914), 18^th Amendment (1920), 19^th Amendment (1920)

C.             Preservationists and conservationists both supported the establishment of national parks while advocating different government responses to the overuse of natural resources.

Examples:  Yellowstone National Park (1872), Yosemite National Park (1890), Forest Reserve Act (1891), John Muir and the Sierra Club (1892), Newlands Reclamation Act (1902), US Forest Service (1905)

D.             The Progressives were divided over many issues. Some Progressives supported Southern segregation, while others ignored its presence. Some Progressives advocated expanding popular participation in government, while others called for greater reliance on professional and technical experts to make government more efficient. Progressives also disagreed about immigration restriction.

3. The Progressive Movement - Slideshow

From the textbook:

Between the end of Reconstruction and the start of World War I, political reformers focused on four main goals: cleaning up politics, limiting the power of big business, reducing poverty, and promoting social justice. Historians call this period of agitation and innovation the Progressive Era. In the 1880s and 1890s, labor unions and farm groups took the lead in critiquing the industrial order and demanding change. But over time, more and more middle-class and elite Americans took up the call, earning the name progressives. On the whole, they proposed more limited measures than farmer-labor advocates did, but since they had more political clout, they often had greater success in winning new laws. Thus both radicals and progressives played important roles in advancing reform.

No single group defined the Progressive Era. On the contrary, reformers took opposite views on such questions as immigration, racial justice, women’s rights, and imperialism. Leaders such as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, initially hostile to the sweeping critiques of capitalism offered by radicals, gradually adopted bolder ideas. Dramatic political changes influenced the direction of reform. Close party competition in the 1880s gave way to Republican control between 1894 and 1910, followed by a period of Democratic leadership during Wilson’s presidency (1913–1919). Progressives gave the era its name, not because they acted as a unified force, but because they engaged in diverse, energetic movements to improve America.

HW - Reading "Did the Progressive's Fail"

• Read both "Yes and No" articles
• Write short essay response to articles
• Intro with "although "thesis that indicates which of the side you agree with most, as well as a counter argument (what about the other side did you agree with)
• One counter arg. paragraph
• One paragraph explaining your main argument

•  Length: 1-2 pages (dub spaced, typed, 12 pt. font)

Agenda for 1/20

1.  Review Gilded Age Urbanization *(see outline below)

2. Review Period 6

• Adam Norris Per. 6 Review Video
• Another great review page - videos, articles, and timelines
• Concept Outline

3. Work on DBQ and Review Essay Rubric
 
*Review Urbanization

Lure of Cities:

        Natural increase (least significant)

·       Immigration from rural America and foreign countries

o    Modern conveniences

o    Entertainment

o    Culture

o    Economic/job opportunities

o    “better life”

·       Women

o    Great economic freedom

o    Less moral judgment

·       New Forms of Transportation

o    Railroad

o    Steam-powered ocean liners

Migrations

·       From rural America

o    Industrial farming displaced women

o    Industrial manufacturing destroyed cottage industries

o    Southern Blacks

·       From Foreign Nations

o    28 million immigrants from 1860-1920

§  largest % (by 1890 almost 50%) were from Southern and Eastern Europe: Italy, Greece, Slovaks, Slavs, Russia, Russia, Jews, Armenians

§  Most were poor and uneducated and moved to industrial cities to find unskilled labor opportunities

§  Many cities immigrant groups formed tight-knit communities to cope with new life (immigrant ghettos)

§  Immigrants fought constant struggle between maintaining home culture and assimilation

§  Many native born Americans reacted negatively to immigrants

·       Provoked fear and resentment - Nativism

·       Groups form to resist immigration

o    American Protective Association

o    Immigration Restriction League

§  Many Americans supported immigration

o    Big business supported the large, cheap labor supply

o    Political Machines: ex. Tammany Hall

Urban Problems

·      Fire

·      Disease

·      Pollution

o    Disposal of human/animal waste into water supplies

o    Air quality – factories, homes, trains, offices – smog

o    Industrial Waste – chemicals, lead, ceramic dust

o    Government created the Public Health Service to address such issue – public health was government responsibility

·     Poverty – large populations created unemployment and poverty

·     Crime

      Political Machines 

Agenda for 1/19

1. Using the Urbanization Slide Show, answer the following questions in your notebook:

A. What was the primary cause of migrations to (and rapid growth of) major cities in America?
B. In what ways did these cities change the lives of women in America?
C. What significant problems/challenges arose (especially for the poor/immigrants) as a result of the rapid growth of cities?
D.  What were some important responses to the challenges/problems of urbanization/immigration?

2. Using the "Urbanization" reading/handout, answer the following questions in your notebook:

A. In what ways did the American population shift between 1870 and 1900?
B. Which American cities grew most rapidly between 1870 and 1900?
C. What was the change in the number of millionaires in America between 1866-1900?
D. How many people in NYC (and what percentage of the population) lived in tenement buildings
E. What was Hull House, what services did it provide and who ran the facility?
D. What was the broad goal/aim of the Salvation Army and Social Gospel movements?

3. At 11:15, begin watching Triangle Shirtwaste Fire - American Experience

4. Information about test on 1/25

• 20 MC questions
• Essay (Organized labor DBQ) will be written in class (50 mins)
• You may bring:
• Your copy of the DBQ with notes on the documents
• An outline that has the following
• A complete thesis statement
• Topic sentences for each body paragraph
• A bullet point identifying the outside evidence you are using the in each paragraph
• A list of the documents (by letter/title) that you are planning to use in each paragraph

•  Outlines will collected and checked during the MC section to ensure they contain only the allowed information. Those that contain information beyond that listed above will not be allowed to be used during the test.

HW:

• Continue to prepare for the test 
• Finish Triangle Shirtwaste Fire - American Experience
• Using this website about the legacy of the fire, write a 1/2 page to one page explanation of the LEGACY of the Triangle Shirtwaste Fire. Most specifically, what legislative reforms resulted from the fire, and what impact did it have on the work done by labor unions, namely the ILGWU?

Agenda for 1/15 and 1/19

1. Urbanization Slide Show

Lure of Cities:

·  Natural increase (least significant)

·       Immigration from rural America and foreign countries

o    Modern conveniences

o    Entertainment

o    Culture

o    Economic/job opportunities

o    “better life”

·       Women

o    Great economic freedom

o    Less moral judgment

·       New Forms of Transportation

o    Railroad

o    Steam-powered ocean liners

Migrations

·       From rural America

o    Industrial farming displaced women

o    Industrial manufacturing destroyed cottage industries

o    Southern Blacks

·       From Foreign Nations

o    28 million immigrants from 1860-1920

§  largest % (by 1890 almost 50%) were from Southern and Eastern Europe: Italy, Greece, Slovaks, Slavs, Russia, Russia, Jews, Armenians

§  Most were poor and uneducated and moved to industrial cities to find unskilled labor opportunities

§  Many cities immigrant groups formed tight-knit communities to cope with new life (immigrant ghettos)

§  Immigrants fought constant struggle between maintaining home culture and assimilation

§  Many native born Americans reacted negatively to immigrants

·       Provoked fear and resentment - Nativism

·       Groups form to resist immigration

o    American Protective Association

o    Immigration Restriction League

§  Many Americans supported immigration

o    Big business supported the large, cheap labor supply

o    Political Machines: ex. Tammany Hall

Urban Problems

·       Fire

·       Disease

·       Pollution

o    Disposal of human/animal waste into water supplies

o    Air quality – factories, homes, trains, offices – smog

o    Industrial Waste – chemicals, lead, ceramic dust

o    Government created the Public Health Service to address such issue – public health was government responsibility

·       Poverty – large populations created unemployment and poverty

·       Crime

·       Political Machines 

2. Triangle Shirtwaste Fire - American Experience

vHW:
v
A. Finish Triangle Shirtwaste video 
B. Using this website about the legacy of the fire, write a 1/2 page to one page explanation of the LEGACY of the Triangle Shirtwaste Fire. Most specifically, what legislative reforms resulted from the fire, and what impact did it have on the work done by labor unions, namely the ILGWU?

v

Agenda for 1/13

1. Booker T. vs. WEB - thoughts?

2. Plessy v. Fergusson (1896) - "Separate but equal."

3. National Parks (Yellowstone is the first), John Muir and the Sierra Club

4. New South 

5. Work on DBQs

HW:

• Ch. 19 reading questions
• Work on "Organized Labor" DBQ
• Begin preparing for Period 6 Test - on 1/22 (next Friday)

Agenda for 1/11 and 1/12

1. Organized Labor DBQ - 10 mins

• Thesis Statements
• Document Analysis
• Outline Essay
• Body Paragraphs (categories)
• Outside evidence
• Context
• Synthesis

2. Gilded Age Politics - Crash Course

A. Political Parties in the late-19^th century

·      Stable party politics

o   16 Rep states – North

o   14 Dem states - South

o   Only 5 states that varied in support

§  NY and Ohio

·      High voter turnout (60-80%)

·      Party membership strong and based on cultural characteristics

o   Dem.

§  Southern

§  New immigrants

§  Catholics

§  Opposed temperance

o   Rep.

§  Northern

§  Blacks

§  Protestants

§  Older immigrants

§  Favored temperance

B. The National Government in 1880s

·      Delivered mail

·      Military

·      Foreign policy

·      Tariffs and taxes

·      Subsidies to corporations

·      Help suppress labor conflicts (on side of corporations)

·      Administered Union Army pensions

C. Civil Service Reform

·      After the assassination of James Garfield, Chester Aurther gets Congress to pass the Pendleton Act, which required some federal jobs be filled by applicants who take a civil service test to assess aptitude.

·      Reform supported by Half-Breed faction of Rep. party and opposed by Stalwarts (reason for Garfield's assassination)

   
3. Populists - party platform 

• 1. Briefly list the major beliefs of the Populists. What did they hope to achieve as a party?
  
  
  2. Using the actual Populist Party Platform of 1892, break down their beliefs into political, economic and social categories.

Problems of Farmers
The Industrial Revolution had caused the big business attitude of industry to make its way into many other aspects of society. Big business was the prominent trend and people looked to incorporate big business ideas into all aspects of business, including agriculture. However, small agrarian communities still mostly dominated agriculture. These small agrarian communities did not wish to give up control to big businesses or corporations. To resist the influence of big corporations, they had to organize together to maintain a standard for agricultural practices and fair prices. Farmers were often taken advantage of by big industries that paid less than fair wages for their product.

One such organization was the “National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry,” or just “the grange” for short. The grange was essentially a union for farmers. It established a standard of farming that was to be upheld by all farmers who joined the organization, which would hopefully help limit any unfair competition. The Grange gained a lot of momentum as people involved in the farm industry became weary of industrial influence. It even grew to possess some political influence and made efforts at enacting laws and reforms to alleviate the problems that farmers were facing. The Grange was ultimately unsuccessful, however, in that it did not address the issue of overproduction of produce, which was one of the primary factors leading to the inflated market and low prices.

For the Test
Be able to explain how the rise of big businesses might have been negative for farmers, and identify examples of actions taken to deal with these problems. 

Populism
As mentioned above, the industrial influence on agriculture had made things very difficult for individual farmers to survive. They struggled to compete with huge, industrial style farms out west. Many private banks even came to be owned by banks. Also, these small farms were heavily dependent on railroads. Unfortunately, small farms could rarely afford the shipping costs associated with using railroads. All of these factors made it very difficult for small farms to be successful. Farmers grew weary and restless as organizations like the Grange failed to make a lasting difference, and they were looking for an alternative solution.
That solution presented itself in the form of populism. Essentially, populism was a political movement and party largely fueled by farmers. It is commonly associated with the catchphrase that farmers needed to “raise less corn and more hell.” As farmers across the country faced difficult conditions and struggled to get by, they were fairly easily united. The political power of the populist movement, although short lived, was timely and surprisingly influential. Within just a few short years, the Populist Party was able to elect a number of senators to congress and even became a recognizable factor in the 1892 elections. Overall, the Populist Party was concerned with railroad use, land management, and money. However, their emphasis soon became the desire for a currency based more on silver, which 

they thought would solve many of their issues. This is the issue that populism is most closely associated with, and it is the issue that populism ultimately died with. The power of the Populists was short lived and only made a temporary impact. They were soon swallowed up by the Democratic party, who shared their views on the issue of silver.

For the Test
Describe the factors that led to the development of the Populist Party. Explain some of the key issues that the Populist Party was concerned with.

3. Booker T. Washington v. WEB Dubois

• A brief overview.
• BTW - Atlanta Compromise Speech
• Dubois - W.E.B. DuBois Critiques Booker T. Washington

HW:

A. Describe the significant differences between the ideas/beliefs of BTW and WEBD.

B.Who's ideas/plans do you think held the greatest chances for success? If you could advocate for one of the two ideologies/strategies for improving the lives of Black Americans in 1900, which one would you support? Respond in approximately one page. Be sure to quote from both of the primary source documents above to support your answer.

Agenda for 1/7 and 1/8

1. Review in-class tests

2. Industrialization Crash Course

3. Industrial Rev. Slideshow  

• Rise of Heavy industry - Railroads, Oil, Steel, Coal
• Robber Barrons/Captains of Industry
• Horizontal/Vertical Integration
• Beliefs/Ideals of the Industrial Revolution

4. Immigration in the Industrial Age

• New v. Old Immigration
• Push/Pull Factors    

5. Farmers Organize
  

6. Growing Problems in America

7. Organized Labor DBQ 

HW - Ch. 18 Reading Questions